It seeks to narrow the gap between member states preexisting. However, if a state is unable or unwilling to protect its population, or is itself the cause of. United nations security council responsibility to protect. The responsibility to protect is a principle which seeks to ensure that the international community. Paragraphs 89 of the world summit outcome document heads of state and government agreed to the following text on the responsibility to protect in the.
International law aspects of the 2005 world summit outcome. The principle was employed by the united nations security council in response to crises in darfur, cote. A 2009 followup report on implementing the principle cast it as an ally of sovereignty, not an adversarythe responsibility to protect seeks to strengthen sovereignty, not weaken it. See revised draft outcome document of the highlevel plenary meeting of the general. The responsibility to protect is a political commitment unanimously adopted by all members of the united nations general assembly at the 2005 world summit and articulated in paragraphs 89 of the 2005 world summit outcome document. Most of the document s references to international law are quite general. The responsibility to protect is an emerging norm and a political principle for preventing and responding to four distinct crimes. For example, paragraph 2 reaffirms the world leaders faith in the united nations and our commitment to the. The 2005 world summit outcome document calls for rtop to be carried out through appropriate and necessary means, which no doubt implies adherence to international humanitarian law and the laws. At the 2005 world summit that marked the 60 th anniversary of the united nations, more than 170 heads of state and government unanimously accepted three interlinked responsibilities, which together constitute the principle of the responsibility to protect rtop. The responsibility to protect, as set out in paragraphs 8 to 9 of the 2005 world summit outcome document. Mr lucks role will be to continue to develop the concept as well as assist the general assembly in building a consensus on the responsibility to protect as set out by paragraphs 8 and 9 of the outcome document. At the conclusion of the 2005 world summit, the united nations general assembly adopted general assembly resolution 601, the world summit outcome document, which in paragraphs 8140 enunciated the responsibility to protect. Implementing the responsibility to protect doctrine in.
The language of the world summit outcome document, the product of protracted and difficult leadup negotiations, had some presentational changes as compared with the original proposals in the iciss. Paragraph 8 of that document, states that each individual. Bellamy agreed by heads of state and government at the 2005 world summit, the responsibility to protect rtop principle has come a long way in a short space of time. Their historic adoption of the responsibility to protect r2p in the world summit outcome document offered a vision of a. World summit and the question of unilateralism more than a decade after the world did nothing to halt genocide in rwanda, and in the shadow of ongoing atrocities. Accepted keynote paper kikoler1 refugee studies centre. World summit and the question of unilateralism more than a decade after the world did nothing to halt genocide in rwanda, and in the shadow of ongoing atrocities in darfur, sudan, the international community recently made a new commitment to protect. If you have reached this site from a web link, through your internet options, adjust your privacy settings to allow cookies or check your security settings and make sure this. Nothing has changed with regard to the basis for the governments position, which predates 2000. The 2005 world summit outcome, endorsed by general assembly resolution 601, outlines a plan of action in four key areas.
While critics have claimed that the responsibility to protect r2p is a. It is articulated in paragraphs 8 and 9 of the world summit outcome document. Paragraphs 89 of the world summit outcome document heads of state and government agreed to the following text on the responsibility to protect in the outcome document of the highlevel plenary. In the 2005 world summit outcome document, states made the historic acknowledgment that they had a responsibility to protect rtop, r2p populations from mass atrocities genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and ethnic cleansing. Recalling the provisions of paragraphs 8 and 9 of the 2005 world summit outcome document. The state carries the primary responsibility for the protection of populations from mass atrocities such as genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity. The security council reaffirms the provisions of paragraphs 8 and 9 of the 2005 world summit outcome document. However, the world summit outcome document also stresses that any action by states to implement pillar 3 of r2p must take place through the security council, in accordance. Resources asiapacific centre for the responsibility to. The current movement toward advancing the responsibility to protect has grown from a.
Ares601 2005 world summit outcome the united nations. We reiterate our commitment, expressed in the johannesburg plan of implementation, the 2005 world summit outcome and the outcome document of the highlevel plenary meeting of the general. Each individual state has the responsibility to protect its populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic. We are determined to establish a just and lasting peace all over the world in. Draft outcome document, september pdf on the website of the bbc. Responsibility while protecting rwp and the intervention.
The first emphasizes that states have a primary responsibility to protect their. Further supplementary written evidence from the rt hon. United nations a general assembly responsibility to protect. Expert meeting on the responsibility to protect and the.
A milestone for rtop was 24 october 2005, that is when. The several horrible violent conflicts at the end of the twentieth century, which led to. The responsibility to protect norm is a norm that was propounded based on established principles of international law. Proponents of the responsibility to protect r2p populations from. Despite this landmark commitment, perpetrators continue to use. According to the 2005 world summit outcome document, the responsibility to protect involves two alternative propositions. Responsibility to protect international bar association. R2p recognizes that the responsibility to protect any given population lies within the sovereign state. The first, set out in paragraph 8 of the summit outcome document. The uns 2005 world summit outcome document explicitly limits the application of the norm to four types of mass atrocities. Report into the 2005 summit outcome document summit outcome, unanimously adopted by the sixtieth session of the u. Responsibility to protect rtop or r2p the responsibility to protect embodies a political commitment to end the worst forms of violence and persecution.
The responsibility to protect united nations university. The responsibility to protect people against international crimes was introduced to international law scholarship after the endorsement of this newly evolving concept in the 2005 world summit outcome document. Abstract proponents of the responsibility to protect doctrine, com monly referred to as r2p, claim that it came of age with natos successful military intervention to protect the civilian. An emerging norm determining the meaning and legal. We, heads of state and government, have gathered at united nations headquarters in new york from 14 to 16 september 2005. Advisor to the secretarygeneral on the responsibility to protect. Their historic adoption of the responsibility to protect r2p in the world summit outcome document. The participants in the expert meeting on the responsibility to protect and the protection of cultural heritage, held at unesco headquarters on 2627 november 2015. At the 2005 world summit, the worlds leaders committed themselves to the responsibility to protect, recognizing both that all states have a responsibility to protect their citizens. The impact of the world summit negotiations on the r2p trajectory. In paragraphs 89 of the outcome document, governments agreed that each individual state has the responsibility to protect its populations through.
World summit outcome document, however, that enabled the relative. F acts definition of the responsibility to protect. Responsibility to protect and the international rule of. General assembly r2p excerpt from outcome document.